Reading: Complex Texts and Growing Comprehension

The reading standards place equal emphasis on the sophistication of what students read and the skill with which they read. Standard 10 defines a grade-by-grade “staircase” of increasing text complexity that rises from beginning reading to the college and 职业生涯 readiness level. With standards for reading literature and informational texts, students must also demonstrate a steadily growing proficiency in learning more from text, including making an increasing number of connections among ideas and between texts, considering a wider range of textual evidence, and becoming more sensitive to inconsistencies, 模棱两可, 和推理.

 

Writing: Text types, Responding to Reading, and Research

The writing standards acknowledge the fact that some writing skills, 比如规划, 修改, 编辑, 和发布, are applicable to many types of writing. Other skills are more properly defined in terms of specific writing types: arguments, informative/explanatory texts, 和故事. Standard 9 stresses the importance of the writing-reading connection by requiring students to draw upon and write about evidence from literary and informational texts. The importance of writing to most forms of inquiry is such that research standards are prominently included in this standard, though skills important to research are infused throughout the document.

 

Speaking and 听ing: Flexible Communication and Collaboration

The speaking and listening standards require students to develop a range of broadly useful oral communication and interpersonal skills, including but not limited to skills necessary for formal presentations. 学生 must learn to work together, to express and listen carefully to ideas, to integrate information from oral, 视觉, 定量, 媒体来源, 评估他们听到的, use media and 视觉 displays strategically in support of achieve communicative purposes, and to adapt speech to context and task.

 

Langu年龄: Conventions, Effective Use, and Vocabulary

The ELA standards include the essential “rules” of standard written and spoken English. They also approach langu年龄 as a matter of craft and informed choice among alternatives. The vocabulary standards focus on understanding words and phrases, 他们的关系, 以及它们的细微差别, and on acquiring new vocabulary, particularly general academic and domain-specific words and phrases. 

 

Typical English Sequence for Comprehensive High School: